JR4: Talking About Psychopathy

A: I notice that human nature hasn't changed in the past 2,000 years. Families still fight over the same issues. 

J: Right. And it's not surprising from a scientific point of view. Two thousand years is a very short amount of time as far as the human genome is concerned. Human DNA is still the same today as it was then. Most importantly, the DNA involved in mental health issues hasn't changed. Two thousand years ago, people were just as susceptible to major mental illness as they are today. There's a bias among scholars who are trying to recreate the cultural mindset that existed in the first century (CE). They seem to want to believe that people's brains worked differently then, and that people's mindset was "unique" to the time, and impossible for us to understand today. But that's not true. If you start with the logical scientific assumption that human brain physiology hasn't changed in the past 2,000 years because the human DNA that shapes the physiology hasn't changed, then you have a different starting point. You can look at the issues involved in major mental illness today, and you can assume that the same issues must have existed in the 1st century. This starting point can free historians from the false assumption that we can never understand what people were thinking and feeling in the Roman Empire of the 1st century. On the contrary, you can understand them better by using the new research tools available to you. 

A: Tools like brain scans.  

J: Exactly. You can't actually run a brain scan on a skeleton that's been dead for 2,000 years. But you can use medical forensics to extrapolate backwards. You can make better guesses about the past by using new research data that's only become available recently.  

A: The History Channel has a show based on that idea. It's called "Ancients Behaving Badly." Sometimes I wonder, though, about their experts' understanding of psychopathy. 

J: Psychopathy is not well understood by psychologists. There's a tendency to pretend it isn't a major mental illness because it's not treatable. There's no drug regimen and no effective psychotherapy model that can be patented or copyrighted. So there's not a lot of good research. Also, people are worried about the legal implications. People are worried that if psychopathy is labelled a major mental illness then it will be used in court cases to prove a lack of responsibility in major crimes. There's a risk of this because there's currently such a poor understanding of how the human brain works. However, proof of psychopathy is in no way proof of lack of responsibility or lack of criminal intent. Psychopathy is a class of major mental illness characterized by a complete lack of conscience that is accompanied by a complete preservation of logic, will power, and intent. It's an illness because a psychopath's brain is not functioning properly -- it's not wired according to the psychopath's DNA package. Nonetheless, the psychopath is responsible for his or her actions because he/she is consciously aware of the choices he/she is making. That conscious awareness is the test for criminal intent in a legal proceeding.  

“Jesus said: Blessed is the lion that the human will eat, so that the lion becomes human. And foul is the human that the lion will eat, and the lion will become human” (Gospel of Thomas 7). Being a successful psychopath is lot like being a trained pilot who can land near the shore of a frozen lake without crashing through the ice. It takes rigorous training, commitment, logic, and a laser-eye view of where you want to be and what you need to accomplish to get there – even if it means mowing down all the people between you and your goal. Being a successful psychopath is also a lot like being a lion on the hunt. Photo credit JAT 2015.

A: In other words, psychopaths know what they're doing is wrong, so they shouldn't be given a "Get Out Of Jail Free" card.  

J: Exactly. They should be held accountable for their choices and their actions. At the same time, they should also receive appropriate medical therapy and intervention to assist them to learn how to make better choices.  

A: Healing and redemption for serial killers. 

J: It's possible. But not likely in the current climate of Newtonian psychology.  

A: Newtonian psychology. That's an interesting phrase. I've never heard it before.  

J: By Newtonian psychology I mean the current vogue in neuroscience research. Researchers are examining small little bits of the human brain in isolation as if the brain is nothing more than a complex Lego set. But the brain isn't like that. It's much more sophisticated than that. The sum of the parts does not make the whole. The whole is . . . the whole is almost beyond words. It's not called "the three pound universe" for nothing.  

A: I've been noticing that researchers themselves get so caught up in the details that they lose sight of the big picture. They can't see the forest for the trees, as the saying goes. I picked up the current issue of Discover (Jan/Feb 2011) with its list of the 100 Top Stories of 2010. Top Story No. 62 ("Glia: The Other Brain Cells") breathlessly informs me that glial cells in the brain might actually play an active role in brain function, rather than just a structural role. I've known this for years because you told me years ago to keep an eye on glial cell research. And there's been good research on glia, too. Fascinating stuff. It's a shame that many other researchers haven't been paying attention. 

J: Well, the neuron is the "fad du jour." It's a nice easy-to-understand Lego block, and it's easier to design experiments with. Researchers are limited by experimental constraints.  

A: And funding grants. Research often follows the money. There's more money in tracking the parts of the brain that can be changed by patented medications. It's a huge industry.  

J: And a very powerful one that has a vested interest in viewing the brain as a collection of fixable Legos.  

A: Not much room in there for a doctrine of the soul, is there?  

J: That's the whole idea, actually.